Which aviation event emphasized speed and performance among pilots?

The National Air Races is historically significant for emphasizing speed and performance among pilots. This event has been a platform for showcasing the capabilities of both pilots and aircraft in a competitive environment, where speed is the primary criterion for success. Originating in the early 20th century, it involved various types of racing, including closed-course and pylon racing, which specifically tested the limits of both pilot skill and aircraft design.

In contrast, the other events listed either focus on different aviation skills or do not carry the same historical emphasis on speed and performance. For example, the Olympic Air Challenge, while competitive, is more likely to encompass a variety of flying skills rather than purely speed. The World Pilot Contest may emphasize precision flying and navigation rather than racing speed. The High-speed Aerobatics Event also does not emphasize speed in the same manner, as it focuses on maneuverability and performance in aerobatic routines rather than straight-line speed races.

Therefore, the National Air Races stands out as the event most closely associated with the competitive pursuit of speed and performance in aviation.