What is the surface called that aircraft use to take off and land?

The correct answer is "runway" because a runway is the specific area of an airport designed for aircraft to take off and land safely. Runways are typically long, flat, and paved surfaces that provide the necessary length and support for aircraft to gain speed for takeoff or to decelerate upon landing. They are engineered to handle the weight and speed of aircraft while ensuring they can operate in various weather conditions.

In contrast, a taxiway is a path that connects runways with other parts of the airport, such as ramps and terminals, allowing aircraft to move to and from the runway without interfering with arrivals or departures. The apron refers to the area where aircraft are parked, loaded, and unloaded, and where passengers embark and disembark. The terminal is the building where passengers check in, check luggage, and go through security, but it does not serve the aircraft directly for takeoffs or landings. Understanding the specific roles of these areas helps delineate why the runway is the correct surface for takeoff and landing.