What is the measure of how much energy a gas possesses?

The measure of how much energy a gas possesses is temperature. Temperature is an essential physical property that reflects the kinetic energy of the particles in a gas. The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the gas particles have, which corresponds to how fast they are moving and how frequently they collide with each other and the walls of their container.

In the context of gas laws and thermodynamics, temperature plays a critical role in determining the behavior of gases under different conditions. It not only influences the pressure and volume according to the ideal gas law but also indicates the energy content of the system.

Pressure relates to the force exerted by gas particles when they collide with surfaces, but it is not a direct measurement of the energy they possess. Volume refers to the space that the gas occupies but does not measure the energy itself. Dilution is a term more relevant to concentrations of substances and does not pertain to the energy aspect of gases. Thus, temperature is the key factor that effectively measures the energy in a gas.