What components make up the takeoff mass?

The correct choice, which consists of payload, fuel load, and deadweight, accurately encompasses the essential components that contribute to the takeoff mass of an aircraft.

The payload refers to all the cargo and passengers that the aircraft is designed to transport. This is a critical aspect because it represents the actual useful load that the aircraft carries during a flight. The fuel load is equally important, as it accounts for the fuel needed to power the aircraft for takeoff, flight, and landing. The deadweight typically includes the aircraft's operating equipment, structural components, and any additional weight that doesn't contribute directly to the useful load or fuel capacity.

When combined, these three elements provide a comprehensive view of the takeoff mass, ensuring that all relevant factors impacting the aircraft's performance during takeoff are considered. This understanding is vital for pilots and engineers when preparing for a flight, as it directly influences performance metrics such as takeoff distance and required thrust.